Professor of Biogeography and Geomorphology | Academic Leader & Environmental Researcher
Gombe, NG.
About
Highly accomplished Professor with over two decades of progressive experience in academia, research, and institutional leadership within the fields of Geography, Biogeography, and Environmental Management. Recognized for authoring over 52 peer-reviewed publications and securing significant research grants, I am dedicated to advancing scientific knowledge, fostering academic excellence, and driving impactful environmental solutions. Seeking to leverage extensive expertise in research, teaching, and strategic administration to contribute to a forward-thinking organization.
Work
Gombe State University
|
Professor of Biogeography and Geomorphology
Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
→
Summary
Led advanced research, teaching, and academic administration in Biogeography and Geomorphology, significantly contributing to the university's academic and research profile.
Highlights
Attained the rank of Professor, recognizing over 20 years of sustained contributions to teaching, research, and academic leadership in higher education.
Authored and co-authored over 52 peer-reviewed publications in national and international scientific journals, significantly advancing knowledge in environmental geography and resource management.
Secured and managed multiple TETFUND Institutional Based Research grants, including studies on land use, urbanization, and sediment discharge, contributing to regional environmental understanding.
Supervised numerous postgraduate students (PhD and M.Sc) to successful completion, guiding critical research projects in areas such as gully erosion control and climate change impact.
Served as Dean, Faculty of Science (February 2025 - Date), overseeing strategic academic planning and operational management, demonstrating advanced leadership capabilities.
Chaired the Departmental Research and Publication Committee (2008-2023) and Faculty Research and Publication Committee (2014-2017), enhancing research output and quality.
Gombe State University
|
Head of Geography Department
Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
→
Summary
Directed departmental operations, curriculum development, and faculty oversight, enhancing academic standards and student success within the Geography Department.
Highlights
Led departmental administration and academic programs for six years, overseeing curriculum development and faculty performance.
Coordinated the Departmental SIWES program (2008-2017) and 300 Level Field Studies (2010-2017), ensuring practical training and experiential learning for students.
Chaired the Department Curriculum Review Committee (2012-2023), leading the modernization and relevance of academic offerings to meet evolving industry and research needs.
Represented the Faculty of Science on the GSU Quality Assurance Board (2019-2024), contributing to university-wide academic quality and standards.
Gombe State University
|
Reader
Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
→
Summary
Conducted advanced teaching and research, contributing to the academic rigor and publication output of the Geography Department.
Highlights
Contributed to the department's research agenda, resulting in multiple peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences.
Mentored junior faculty members and actively participated in various university committees, including the Senate and Faculty Boards.
Taught a diverse range of undergraduate and postgraduate courses, including advanced topics in Biogeography, Geomorphology, and Research Methods.
Gombe State University
|
Senior Lecturer
Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
→
Summary
Managed and delivered specialized coursework while actively contributing to research initiatives and student supervision.
Highlights
Developed and delivered specialized courses such as Tropical Climatology and Applied Geomorphology, enhancing the curriculum's breadth.
Initiated and contributed to several research projects, laying the groundwork for future grant applications and publications.
Provided academic guidance and supervision to undergraduate and early-stage postgraduate students, fostering their research skills.
Gombe State University
|
Lecturer I
Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
→
Summary
Expanded teaching responsibilities and actively engaged in departmental coordination and early-career research.
Highlights
Coordinated the GENS 203: History and Philosophy of Science course (2007-2017), ensuring interdisciplinary academic coherence.
Expanded course offerings to include Introduction to Biogeography and Advanced Cartography, enriching student learning experiences.
Actively participated in the Departmental Curriculum Review Committee, contributing to the continuous improvement of academic programs.
Gombe State University
|
Lecturer II
Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
→
Summary
Delivered core geography courses and contributed to early research efforts, supporting the academic mission of the university.
Highlights
Taught foundational courses in Systematic Geography of Nigeria and Africa, providing essential knowledge to undergraduate students.
Contributed to departmental research activities, including data collection and analysis for various environmental studies.
Participated in the FOS Examination Related Offences Committee (2006-2008), upholding academic integrity standards.
Gombe State University
|
Assistant Lecturer
Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
→
Summary
Supported undergraduate instruction and departmental operations while pursuing advanced academic qualifications.
Highlights
Assisted in teaching introductory geography courses, including Introduction to Map Reading and Cartography.
Actively pursued and completed an M.Sc in Geography Resource and Development (2004) and initiated PhD studies, demonstrating commitment to academic growth.
Contributed to the initial stages of departmental projects and administrative tasks, building foundational experience in university operations.
Borno State Teachers Service Board
|
Education Officer 1
Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
→
Summary
Managed educational programs and administrative functions within the Borno State education system, ensuring effective delivery of learning objectives.
Highlights
Managed educational programs and administrative functions for 18 years, contributing to the quality of education in Borno State.
Implemented educational policies and supervised teaching staff, ensuring compliance with established standards.
Developed and delivered training sessions for teachers, enhancing pedagogical skills and instructional effectiveness.
Education
University of Maiduguri
Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
→
PhDBiogeography and Geomorphology
University of Maiduguri
Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
→
M.ScGeography Resource and Development
Federal University of Technology, Yola (FUTY)
Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
→
B.Tech (Hons)Geography
Federal College of Education, Kontagora
Kontagora, Niger State, Nigeria
→
NCEEducation
TC Gashua
Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria
→
Grade II Teachers CertificateEducation
Sakwa Primary School
Sakwa, Borno State, Nigeria
→
First School Leaving CertificatePrimary Education
Publications
Valuation of On-site Gully Erosion Control Benefits in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State
International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment, Vol 15 No. 2
Published in International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment, Vol 15 No. 2 August, 2025.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Selected Gully Erosion Projects in Gombe Metropolis
International Journal of Economics and Development Policy, Vol. 8 No. 1
Published in International Journal of Economics and Development Policy, Vol. 8 No. 1, June 2025.
The Economics of Gully Erosion Control: A Review of Cost-Benefit Analysis Application in Gully Control Project Planning in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State Nigeria
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) Vol. 8, No 7
Published in International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) Vol. 8, No 7 April, 2025.
Assessing the cost of gully erosion control project in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State Nigeria
Journal of Management Science and Career Development. Sub-Sahara Afica Academic Research Publications
Published in Journal of Management Science and Career Development. Sub-Sahara Afica Academic Research Publications.
Estimation of the Discharge of River Gongola at Gombe-Abba Bridge for Water Resources Management in North-Eastern Nigeria
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) Volume VII Issue X
Published in International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) ISSN No. 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS |Volume VII Issue X October 2023.
Determination of waterflow velocity of River Gongola and its significance to communities in North-Eastern Nigeria
Bima Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 7 (3)
Published in Bima Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 7 (3) Sept, 2023 ISSN: 2536-6041.
Reflection of 43 Years (1977 – 2020) of Geography Research in the Northeast Region of Nigeria
Badamasi L et al Geographical perspectives of Nigeria, Published by Bayero University Kano
Pg 1 – 28 ISBN 978-978-59064-1-6.
Physicochemical Analysis of Sachet Water Quality in Gombe State University and Environs
Yusuf yakubu O, J.O.Folorunsho, MurtalaA. Gada, Rayleigh Dada Abu and Tasi’u Yalwa Rilwanu (edited) Intergrated Environvental Management Issues;Published by Ahmad Bello University Press Chapter fourteen
Pg 261 – 277 ISBN 978-978-967487-8. A Festchriff in Honour of Professor Edwin Osawe Igwuisi. Professor of Geomorphology and Hydrology.
Impact of Urbanization on the Reduction of Vegetation and Loss of Arable Landin the Environment around Gombe
International Journal of Engineering and Applied Science. Vol.7. No 7
Published in International Journal of Engineering and Applied Science. Vol.7. No 7 July 2021;Pg 16 – 21. ISSN 2709-8133.
A Guide to Undergraduate Research Project in Geography
ISBN 978-978-991-131-8
Analysis of Sediment Discharge of River Gongola at Gombe- Abba Bridge in Dukku LGA, Gombe State
TETFUND Institutional Based Research funding
Analysis of Households Solid waste Management Practices in Gombe Metropolis
Global Journal of Geography and Environmental Sciences Volume 2(1)
Published in Global Journal of Geography and Environmental Sciences Volume 2(1); 2020: ISSN 2651-5830.
Assessment of Ground water abstraction in Kwadom, Yamaltu Deba LGA Gombe state, Nigeria
International Journal of Geography and Geology, Vol.9 No 1
Published in International Journal of Geography and Geology, Vol.9 No 1 pp1 -12.
Impact of Toposequence on Soil Properties and Classification in Zaria, Kaduna state, Northern Guinea Savanna Nigeria
EQA International Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 38
Published in EQA International Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 38, 48-58.
Evaluation of some Physiochemical Properties of Soil under Irrigated Land in Kwadon, Yamaltu Deba Local Government Area Gombe state
Nigerian Journal of Geography and Environment Vol. 4 No 2
Published in Nigerian Journal of Geography and Environment Vol. 4 No 2.Pg 82-96. A Publication of Geography Department, University of Nigeria Nsukka.
Assessment of Agrarian Households Adaptive Capacity to Drought in Gombe State, Nigeria
Gombe Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies (GOJGES) Vol. 1 N0.1
Published in Gombe Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies (GOJGES) Vol. 1 N0.1 Dec. 2019 pg 198 - 205.
Analysis of Green Spaces in Gombe Metroplis, Gombe State, Nigeria
Gombe Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies (GOJGES) Vol. 1 N0.1
Published in Gombe Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies (GOJGES) Vol. 1 N0.1 Dec. 2019 pg 78 - 88.
Impact of Urbanization on Vegetation Cover in Gombe Metropolis and Environs
British Journal of Earth Sciences Research, Vol.4 No 1
Published in British Journal of Earth Sciences Research, Vol.4 No 1 pp17 – 25 April, 2019. Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK.
Flood Vulnerability Assessment in Gashua: Issues and Prospective
International Journal of Scientific Research and Review, Volume 07, Issue 03
Published in International Journal of Scientific Research and Review, Volume 07, Issue 03, March 2019, No.: 64650 ISSN No.: 2279-543X.
Resource Curse Theories and Evidences: Universal Lessons Hitherto
Effect of Urbanization on Land use Land Cover in Gombe Metropolis Gombe state Nigeria
Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: Geography, Geo-Sciences, Environmental Science & Disaster Management Volume 19 Issue 2 Version 1.0
Published in Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: Geography, Geo-Sciences, Environmental Science & Disaster Management Volume 19 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2019 pg 59 - 64 Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X.
Assessment of Urban Landuse Expansion on Agricultural Land in Kwadon District Yamaltu – Deba LGA, Gombe state
Osun Geographical Review, Volume 2
Published in Osun Geographical Review, Volume 2 pg 92 – 101. Published by Geography Department Osun State University.
A Review of Natural Resource Management: Modern Trajectories of Abundance, Dependence and Capability
Indian Journal of Spatial Science Spring Issue, 10 (2)
Published in Indian Journal of Spatial Science Spring Issue, 10 (2) 2019 pp. 1-7.
The Nature and Properties of Soils of Gombe State
Lazarus Abore Mbaya, Bala Bello Wannah, Yakubu Dan, Bilkisu Yayaji Ahmed (edited) Gombe: People, Environment and Development, Chapter 2.7
Chapter 2.7 page 123 – 141 publish by Nonimod J Ventures Jemita Yola Adamawa state.
An Assessment of the Impact of Livestock Grazing on RiparianEcosystem along Gongola River, Dadin Kowa Yamaltu Deba LGA, Gombe State, Nigeria
Jalingo Journal of Social and Management Sciences, Vol 1 No. 2
Published in Jalingo Journal of Social and Management Sciences, Vol 1 No. 2 p 1 – 15. Publication of Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, Taraba State University, Jalingo.
A Survey of Physico – chemical Characteristics and Macroinvertebrate communities of three contrasting Streams in Dadin Kowa, Gombe State
Bima Journal of Science and Technology, BJST/16/2018 Vol 2 No 2
Published in Bima Journal of Science and Technology, BJST/16/2018 Vol 2 No 2. June, 2018 ISSN25366041.
A Crucial Priority in Integrated WaterResourceManagement: ExploitingPotentialorConservation?
K.D.Ahire, Idress Attitalla, Viliana Vasileva, Sture Brishammar (edited) Scenario of Environmental Research and Development Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Page 115-124 Published by K.D.AhireQuarterNo.5,CSIBERStaffQuarters,CSIBERCampus,UniversityRoad, Kolhapur - 416004, Maharashtra, India. ISBN: 978-93-5346-498-1.
Landuse change and Rural Livelihood in changing Climate in Semi – Arid Akko LGA Gombe, Nigeria
Kashere Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences, Volume 2 number 1
Published in Kashere Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences, Volume 2 number 1, 2018.
Landue Change and Rural livelihood in changing Climate in Semi-arid Akko Gombe Nigeria
J.O Ehiorobo, A.I Agbonaye, C.N Emeribe, O.C Izinyon (edited) Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Nigeria Association of Hydrological Sciences (NAHS)
Application of Geographic Information System (GIS) IN Monitoring Gully Erosion in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria
International Journal of Advance in Social Sciences, Environmental studies and Technology, Vol. 3 No1
Published in International Journal of Advance in Social Sciences, Environmental studies and Technology, Vol. 3 No1 August, 2017: 81 – 96. ISSN 2536-6505/ISSN 2536 6513.
Spatial Analysis of Gully Erosion Control Measures in Gombe Town, Gombe State Nigeria
Advances in Image and Video Processing Volume 5, Issue 3
Published in Advances in Image and Video Processing Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017. Society for Science and Education, United Kingdom pp 76 – 87 ISSN 2054-7412.
Impact of climate change on gully erosion Formation in Gombe town, Northeast Nigeria
Bima Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 1No1
Published in Bima Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 1No1 January 2017: 87 -92 ISSN 2536-6041.
Status of Forest Reserves (Savanna Woodland) Biodiversity and Rural Livelihoods in Gombe State
International Journal of Development and Sustainability, Vol.6 No 12
Published in International Journal of Development and Sustainability, Vol.6 No 12 pg 2173 – 2192. ISSN 2186-8662.
Impact of Urbanization on Vegetation Cover: A case study of Gombe Town
TETFUND Institutional Based Research funding
An Assessment of the Socio economic Impact of Maiganga Resettlement Scheme, Akko LGA, Gombe state, Nigeria
International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research (IJEAR) Vol. 2 issue7
Published in International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research (IJEAR) Vol. 2 issue7 July 2016 pp101 – 109 ISSN 2454-1850.
Assessment of the socio economic effects of gully erosion in Gombe State, Nigeria
Illimi journal of Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Gombe state University Volume 2 No.1
Published in Illimi journal of Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Gombe state University Volume 2 No.1, May/June, 2016.
Geospatial Techniques for Terrain Analysis of Gombe state Nigeria
Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences international, 6(1)
Published in Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences international, 6(1): 1-20, 2016. Article NO. JGEESI 22674 ISSN: 3454-7352 SCINCEDOMAIN. ISSN 2454-7352.
Climate change induced tree mortality in the savanna woodland and its implications on rural livelihoods in Gombe state, Nigeria
Nigeria Journal of Tropical Geography (NJTG), Vol. 7 Number 1
Published in Nigeria Journal of Tropical Geography (NJTG), Vol. 7 Number 1, 2016, pp 63 – 79 (ISSN 0794 – 9154) Published by Department of Geography, Nasarawa State University Keffi.
The Effects of Landuse on Stream Communities in Dadin Kowa area, Gombe state
TETFUND Institutional Based Research funding
Analysis of volcanic craters and their socio economic importance on the Biu plateau, Borno state Nigeria
JOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science Volume 20 issue 5
Published in JOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science Volume 20 issue 5(may 2015) pp 10 – 18 e- ISSN 2279-0837, p-ISSN 2279-0845.
Impact of climate change on the savanna woodland and its implications on rural livelihoods in Gombe State, Nigeria
M. A.Iliya et al (edited) Proceedings of Climate change Environmental challenges and Sustainable Development. Published by the Nigerian Meteorological Society (NIMETS)
PP 561 ISBN 978-978-538119.1.
Impact of climate change on gully erosion rates in Gombe town, Northeast Nigeria
M. A.Iliya et al (edited) Proceedings of Climate change Environmental challenges and Sustainable Development. Published by the Nigerian Meteorological Society (NIMETS)
PP 310. ISBN 978-978-538119.1.
Suitability of Petrol Stations on Maiduguri Urban Settlement, Borno State Nigeria
International Organization of Scientific Research. Pg 34 – 42 p- ISSN 2279-0845/ e- 2279-0837
Published in International Organization of Scientific Research. Pg 34 – 42 p- ISSN 2279-0845/ e- 2279-0837.
Soil Characteristics and its Implication on Sustainable Revegetation of Coal mining dump sites in Maiganga Akko Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria
Prudence Journal of Environmental Science Research Vol. 1(1)
Published in Prudence Journal of Environmental Science Research Vol. 1(1), pp. 1-4 September, 2013.
A study of Inter- Relationships among Gully variables in Gombe town, Gombe state, Nigeria
Wudpecker Journal of Geography and Regional Planning Vol. 1(1)
Published in Wudpecker Journal of Geography and Regional Planning Vol. 1(1), June 2013, page 1-6. Available online at http://www.wudpeckerresearchjournals.org Wudpecker Journals.
Soil Erosion in the Sudano Sahelian Region of Nigeria: A Review of Issues and Policy
Bima Journal of Papers, Vol. 1 No.2
Published in Bima Journal of Papers, Vol. 1 No.2 Dec. 2012: 28 -53. Published by Gombe State University. ISSN 2536-6040.
Assessment of gully erosion in Gombe town, Gombe state, Nigeria
Canadian Journal of Geology and Geography, Vol. 4, No 3
Published in Canadian Journal of Geology and Geography, Vol. 4, No 3, September, 2012. ISSN 1916-9787/ 1916 - 9779.
Adaptation to climate change: vulnerability assessment for Gombe state
M.A. Iliya et al (edited) Proceedings of Climate Change and Sustainable Development held at the Dept. of Geography UDUS. Published by Association of Nigerian Geographers (ANG)
Page 163-177 ISBN 978-978-932 167.14.
Factors and rate of gully erosion in Gombe town, Gombe state, Nigeria
Journal of environmental issues and agriculture in developing countries volume 3 number 3
Published in journal of environmental issues and agriculture in developing countries volume 3 number 3 December 2011: 1-13 ISSN: 2141-2731.
The status of savanna woodland (Forest reserves) in Hawul LGA, Borno state
Journal of environmental planning and management, dept of Geography and regional planning Ambrose Ali University Ekpoma. Vol.1
Published in Journal of environmental planning and management, dept of Geography and regional planning Ambrose Ali University Ekpoma. Vol.1 Dec.2008: 39-47.
Analysis of water consumption pattern among residential Areas in Gombe metropolis
Continental Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol 3
Published in Continental Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol 3: 77-84 Wilolud online journals, 2008.
Languages
English
Certificates
FIATA Higher Diploma in Freight Forwarding and Supply Chain Management
CRFFN
FIATA Diploma in Freight Forwarding and Supply Chain Management
Team Collaboration, Mentorship, Public Speaking, Report Writing.
Digital Literacy
Computer Applications, Data Management.
Interests
Farming
Watching TV Programmes
References
Prof. H. K. Ayuba
08024523151, 08096205317, hkayuba@yahoo.com, Department of Geography, Nasarawa State University Keffi Nigeria
Prof. Danladi M Umar
Deputy Vice Chancellor (Adm), Gombe State University
Prof Hajja Gana Hamza
Dean, School of Post Graduate Studies, Gombe State University, Nigeria
Projects
Assessment of Heat Stress on Human Health in Yola Town, Adamawa State
→
Summary
Ongoing PhD supervision project investigating the impact of heat stress on human health.
Vulnerability Assessment of Communities to Climate Change in Yalmatu Deba LGA, Gombe State Nigeria
→
Summary
Ongoing M.Sc supervision project conducting a climate change vulnerability assessment.
Assessment of the Effects of Climate Change on Farmers – Pastoralist Conflict along River Gongola in Adamawa State
→
Summary
Ongoing PhD supervision project analyzing the link between climate change and farmer-pastoralist conflicts.
Cost Benefit Analysis of Gully Erosion Control Projects in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State Nigeria
→
Summary
PhD supervision project conducting a cost-benefit analysis of gully erosion control measures.
Assessment of Flood Disaster Preparedness and Capacity Building of Households in Gombe Metropolis, Nigeria
→
Summary
Postgraduate Diploma in Environmental Management (PGDEM) supervision project on flood preparedness.
Assessment of the Impact of Community Led Total Sanitation in Achieving Open Defecation Free Rural Communities in Bayo LGA, Borno State
→
Summary
Masters in Environmental Management (MEM) supervision project on sanitation outcomes.
Assessment of Gully Erosion Control Measures in Gombe Metropolis, Nigeria
→
Summary
Postgraduate Diploma in Environmental Management (PGDEM) supervision project on gully erosion control.
Assessment of Resource Potential and their Impact on Development of Northeast Region of Nigeria: Geographic Analysis
→
Summary
PhD co-supervision project focusing on geographic analysis of resource potential and its development impact in Northeast Nigeria.
Detection and Characterization of Kanawa Forest Reserve Disturbances in Yalmatu Deba LGA, Gombe State Nigeria
→
Summary
M.Sc supervision project focused on detecting and characterizing forest reserve disturbances.
Assessment of the Impact of Deforestation on Livelihood Patterns of Wawa Zange Forest Reserves Fringe Communities in Dukku LGA Gombe State Nigeria
→
Summary
M.Sc supervision project analyzing deforestation impacts on livelihoods.
Density of Mosquito Larvae in selected Breeding Sites and Malaria Prevalence in Gombe, Nigeria
→
Summary
M.Sc supervision project studying mosquito larvae density and malaria prevalence.
Analysis of Solid Waste Generation and Management Practices in Gombe Metropolis
→
Summary
M.Sc supervision project assessing waste management practices in Gombe Metropolis.
Analysis of Sediment Discharge of River Gongola at Gombe- Abba Bridge in Dukku LGA, Gombe State
→
Summary
TETFUND Institutional Based Research project focused on evaluating sediment discharge in the River Gongola.
Multi-sector Investment Framework (MSIF) for Resilience and vulnerability mapping for the Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Nigeria: Case study of Gombe state
→
Summary
Field Researcher for a World Bank project on resilience and vulnerability mapping.
Impact of Urbanization on Vegetation Cover: A case study of Gombe Town
→
Summary
TETFUND Institutional Based Research project examining the effects of urbanization on local vegetation.
The Effects of Landuse on Stream Communities in Dadin Kowa area, Gombe state
→
Summary
Research project funded by TETFUND Institutional Based Research, investigating the impact of land use patterns on stream ecosystems.